Dataset to: Typhoon Forcing Regulates Higher-Trophic Productivity Through Nutrient Pulses and Freshwater Plume Dynamics in the East China Sea

This dataset documents the physical, biogeochemical, and ecological responses to typhoon forcing in the southern East China Sea during 2008. Observations were collected at a fixed station approximately 70 km northeast of Taiwan (25.5°N, 122.0°E; water depth ~130 m) following the passage of three typhoons: Fungwong, Sinlaku, and Jangmi. The dataset integrates in situ shipboard measurements, satellite remote sensing products, empirically derived nutrient estimates, and commercial fishery catch records.Measured variables include surface nitrate (NO3-) concentration and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration obtained from seawater samples collected during six research cruises. Pre-typhoon nitrate concentrations were reconstructed using a validated temperature–nitrate relationship, while chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST) data were supplemented with satellite observations from MODIS and AVHRR sensors. In addition, daily squid catch records from 11 commercial fishing vessels were compiled and standardized as catch per unit effort (CPUE) to represent higher trophic-level productivity.This dataset captures the temporal variability of nutrient availability, phytoplankton biomass, and fishery productivity in response to episodic typhoon disturbances. It provides valuable information for investigating typhoon-induced vertical mixing, nutrient injection, phytoplankton bloom dynamics, and trophic transfer efficiency in continental shelf ecosystems. The dataset is suitable for studies of physical–biogeochemical coupling, ecosystem response to extreme weather events, and validation of oceanographic and ecosystem models.