Fog water quality in Villa María Lomas, Lima, Peru, during 2015

Fog water harvesting is an alternative to get freshwater in zones where drinking water access is limited or non-existent. Nonetheless, atmospheric pollution in places where fog is transported can contaminate fog water. Fog is the principal water supply in some ecosystems in Lima called “Lomas”. Villa María “Lomas” are one of those, but here exists contamination by a cement factory, pig farms, garbage burning and the general air pollution in Lima. Evaluate the fog water quality in “Villa María” Lomas, contrasting water monitoring results with Peruvian regulations. Seven Standard Fog Collectors were used to collect fog water in the study area. Fog water samples were taken once per month, from August to October 2015. Cations, anions and trace elements in water fog samples were analyzed by ICP-OES, Ion Chromatography and ICP-MS respectively. Analysis of air mass trajectories, spatial analysis of the distribution of pollutants, and the chemical components contribution analysis by emission sources were carried out to determine the sources of contamination of the fog water. Levels of aluminium, arsenic, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, iron and lead are founded in some samples of water fog, exceeding the pollutants values according to Peruvian regulations. The samples taken near the cement factory contain most of mentioned pollutants and the highest levels of arsenic. High levels of aluminum and iron were associated with the dragging of soil particles from Villa María Lomas, while the main source of contamination of fog water by lead is the air pollution of Metropolitan Lima.

雾水采集是获取淡水的替代方法，适用于饮水获取受限或完全缺失的区域。然而，雾水传输过程中的大气污染可能导致雾水受到污染。在利马的某些生态系统中，雾水是主要的水源，这些地区被称为“Lomas”。Villa María “Lomas” 即为其中之一，但该地区受到水泥厂、养猪场、垃圾焚烧及利马普遍空气污染的污染。本研究旨在评估Villa María “Lomas” 雾水质量，通过对比水质监测结果与秘鲁法规，对雾水质量进行评估。研究区域使用了七台标准雾水收集器进行雾水采集。自2015年8月至10月，每月采集一次雾水样品。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-OES）、离子色谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分别分析了雾水样品中的阳离子、阴离子和微量元素。通过分析气团轨迹、污染物分布的空间分析和排放源化学成分贡献分析，确定了雾水污染的来源。部分雾水样品中检测到铝、砷、氯化物、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硫酸盐、铁和铅等污染物水平，超过秘鲁法规规定的污染物限值。靠近水泥厂的样品中含有大多数提到的污染物，砷含量最高。铝和铁的高水平与土壤颗粒从Villa María Lomas的携带有关，而铅污染的主要来源是利马大都市区的空气污染。