<b>From Smoke Trails to Algorithms: Exploring Mill’s Ethics in Forensic Ballistics and Artificial Intelligence</b>

<b>Abstract</b>This research paper explores the application of John Stuart Mill's ethical theories, particularly utilitarianism, in forensic ballistics and crime scene investigations. Mill’s approach, which emphasizes maximizing happiness and reducing harm, offers a framework to assess the ethical implications of forensic science in solving crimes. The paper also examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming crime investigations, particularly in digital crime scene analysis, discussing both the potential benefits and limitations of AI in the forensic context. Two case studies are utilized to provide practical applications of these concepts: the killing of a landlord by a tenant in Jamaica, and the high-profile assassination of President John F. Kennedy. A comparative analysis with the ethical theories of Immanuel Kant is provided to further illuminate the contrast between utilitarian and deontological perspectives. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating AI in forensic science while adhering to ethical standards.<br>Keywords: Forensic Ballistics, Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill, Bias and Accountability, Criminal Justice, Machine Learning, Privacy, Evidence Interpretation, Technological Integration, Moral Philosophy, Decision-Making, Automation in Forensics, Ethical Frameworks<br>