NMR spectra of lindoside, newly identified glycoside

Chemical markers of honey types are essential for honey authenticity verification and for explaining honey type-specific characteristics. Using NMR profiling, a glycosidic signal representing a promising chemical marker of linden honey was observed. Its further identification and structural characterization were performed using the NMR evidence provided here:

1D 1H spectrum: Displays distinct resonances in the aromatic, aliphatic, and anomeric regions.

2D 1H–13C HMBC spectrum: Determines the structure of the aglycone moiety.

2D 1H–13C HSQC spectra: Assignment of carbon chemical shifts of the sugar units.

Selective TOCSY spectra: Identification of individual sugar units.

Selective TOCSY–NOESY spectra: Confirms the presence of a second sugar unit by observation of the H1″ proton signal.

Selective TOCSY–NOESY (tiliaside): Included for comparison and to demonstrate the selectivity of the selective TOCSY–NOESY experiment used for lindoside.

2D DOSY: Evaluation of the molecular size of lindoside based on diffusion coefficients.