NMR spectra of lindoside, newly identified glycoside

Chemical markers of honey types are essential for honey authenticity verification and for explaining honey type-specific characteristics. Using NMR profiling, a glycosidic signal representing a promising chemical marker of linden honey was observed. Its further identification and structural characterization were performed using the NMR evidence provided here: 1D 1H spectrum: Displays distinct resonances in the aromatic, aliphatic, and anomeric regions. 2D 1H–13C HMBC spectrum: Determines the structure of the aglycone moiety. 2D 1H–13C HSQC spectra: Assignment of carbon chemical shifts of the sugar units. Selective TOCSY spectra: Identification of individual sugar units. Selective TOCSY–NOESY spectra: Confirms the presence of a second sugar unit by observation of the H1″ proton signal. Selective TOCSY–NOESY (tiliaside): Included for comparison and to demonstrate the selectivity of the selective TOCSY–NOESY experiment used for lindoside. 2D DOSY: Evaluation of the molecular size of lindoside based on diffusion coefficients.