Nationwide County-level Database on Educational Migration and Resource Supply-demand

This dataset is constructed based on the full sample data of the fifth national census in 2000, the sixth national census in 2010, and the seventh national census in 2020, covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China. The spatial unit is county-level administrative regions (including districts, counties, county-level cities, autonomous banners, etc.), with a total of 2837 records (according to the 2020 census caliber). In response to the frequent adjustments of county-level administrative divisions in China from 2000 to 2020, this dataset systematically sorted and processed the units involved in changes such as the abolition of counties and the establishment of districts, the merger of districts and counties, and the establishment of new districts and counties, ensuring the comparability of data from different years on a county-level scale. The specific changes have been detailed in the "Explanation of Administrative Division Changes" worksheet. In terms of indicator construction, the dataset tracks the changes in the population aged 5-9 in the same county and the population aged 15-19 ten years later, and constructs proxy indicators reflecting educational migration to identify the scale of education age population migration at the county level. At the same time, using indicators such as the proportion of education practitioners, the ratio of education supply and demand, and the gap between cities and counties, the system characterizes the spatiotemporal evolution of the level of education resource supply, the degree of supply-demand matching, and the urban-rural education gap. The specific calculation method for indicators is explained in the paper.