Case_control_study_on_antibiotic_usage_influence_on_human_Enterobacteriacae_microbiome_composition_and_MDR_clone_accumulation_in_Pakistan

Patients visiting an outpatient clinic at in PSSHMC hospital, Raiwind, Lahore, were enrolled to the study to screen rectal swabs for the presence and diversity of gut Enterobacteriacae and the accumulation of MDR high-risk clones, as a function of clinical intervention and antibiotic prescription history. We visited in addition eight different rural and urban communities in the Punjab and received stool samples from 423 volunteers as a community baseline. The study aims to estimate the influence of antibiotic treatment on the genomic composition of gut Enterobacteriacae and the accumulation of MDR high-risk clones. As these pathogens are currently on the WHO highest priority list regarding AMR, this study will provide important information about the influence of clinical treatment on their persistence and prevalence.