Brain tumor MRI: Serial assessments in longitudinal oncological research (SAILOR) (v1)

This longitudinal dataset contains human treatment data of 27 patients with high-grade glioma: Diagnostic MRI exams prior to surgery and right after, followed by exams from three to 19 time points during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and chemotherapy (temozolomide: TMZ). Patients are in the age range 32–68 years, median age 56 years, female/male ratio of 8/19, and with 19 months median overall survival. Each time point contains the following MRI sequences: 1) ***Structural MRI***: Volumetric T1-weighted pre- (t1w) and post-contrast (t1wc), T2-weighted (t2w), volumetric T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (t2wflair), diffusion weighted images for diffusion tensor imaging (dti), apparent diffusion coefficient (adc), trace, and opposite phase-encoded pre-scans for magnetic susceptibility distortion correction (dtiprea, dtiprep), T1-weighted Look-Locker (t1wll) (T1-weighted relaxometry), 2) ***Functional MRI***: Single or dual echo dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (dce) (T1-weighted permeability/perfusion), spin-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast (dsc) (T2-weighted perfusion) and opposite phase-encoded pre-scans for magnetic susceptibility distortion correction (dscprea, dscprep), and 3) ***Annotations***: Expert tissue masks of enhancing tumor from t1wc and t2wflair hyperintensity [(Larsson et al., 2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.012) (* CL), tissue masks of tumor necrosis, t1wc enhancing tumor and edema, based on ONCOHabitats [(Juan-Albarracín et al., 2019)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.05.002) (* ONCO), brain and normal-appearing white matter masks, per time point treatment status (CRT, TMZ, no, unknown), patient age and sex, overall survival, radiation dose distribution maps from CRT, number of days between time points are included, as well as response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) classes. The following derived data are provided: cerebral blood volume (cbv) and cerebral blood flow (cbf) from dsc. The following may be computed from the data: Fiber tractography from dti, maps from dce such as K^trans, T1 relaxometry from t1wll, maps from dsc such as relative cerebral blood flow (cbv) and cerebral blood volume (cbf), and segmentation masks (e.g., tumor, edema and brain regions). A potential use of this data is to study both treatment effects and disease progression on an individual patient level and group level, as seen through multi-sequence MRI, using both structural/anatomical and functional/physiological MRI.

本纵向数据集包含27例高级别胶质瘤患者的临床治疗相关数据：涵盖术前、术后即刻的诊断性磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）检查，以及随后在放化疗（chemoradiotherapy, CRT）与化疗（替莫唑胺（temozolomide, TMZ））期间的3至19个时间点的MRI扫描。入组患者年龄范围为32~68岁，中位年龄56岁；男女比例为8:19，中位总生存期为19个月。
每个时间点的MRI序列包含以下类别：
1) **结构MRI（Structural MRI）**：包括容积加权T1平扫（t1w）、增强T1扫描（t1wc）、T2加权成像（t2w）、容积T2加权液体衰减反转恢复（fluid attenuated inversion recovery, FLAIR）序列（t2wflair）、用于扩散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging, dti）的扩散加权图像、表观扩散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient, adc）图、弥散张量迹线图，以及用于磁敏感畸变校正的反向相位编码预扫描（dtiprea、dtiprep）；另有T1加权Look-Locker序列（t1wll，用于T1弛豫测量）。
2) **功能MRI（Functional MRI）**：包括单回波或双回波动态对比增强MRI（dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, dce，用于T1加权的渗透性/灌注成像）、自旋回波动态磁敏感对比成像（dynamic susceptibility contrast, dsc，用于T2加权的灌注成像），以及用于磁敏感畸变校正的反向相位编码预扫描（dscprea、dscprep）。
3) **标注信息（Annotations）**：包含由专家手动勾勒的、基于增强T1扫描（t1wc）与FLAIR高信号区的强化肿瘤组织掩码（Larsson等，2020）[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.012]（* CL）；基于ONCOHabitats框架的肿瘤坏死、增强肿瘤与水肿组织掩码（Juan-Albarracín等，2019）[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.05.002]（* ONCO）；全脑与正常表现白质掩码；各时间点的治疗状态（放化疗、替莫唑胺化疗、无治疗、未知）；患者年龄与性别；总生存期；放化疗阶段的放射剂量分布地图；各时间点之间的间隔天数；以及神经肿瘤学反应评估（response assessment in neuro-oncology, RANO）分级。
本数据集附带以下衍生数据：由动态磁敏感对比成像（dsc）计算得到的脑血容量（cerebral blood volume, cbv）与脑血流量（cerebral blood flow, cbf）。
可基于本数据集计算得到以下结果：由扩散张量成像（dti）生成的纤维束追踪图；由动态对比增强MRI（dce）生成的各类参数图（如K^trans）；由T1加权Look-Locker序列得到的T1弛豫参数；由动态磁敏感对比成像（dsc）生成的相对脑血流量（cbv）与脑血容量（cbf）图；以及各类分割掩码（如肿瘤、水肿与脑区掩码）。
本数据集的潜在应用方向为：基于多序列MRI（包括结构/解剖MRI与功能/生理MRI），在个体患者与群体层面开展治疗效果与疾病进展相关研究。