Snow, surface layer and ice permittivity at 50 MHz measured during RV POLARSTERN cruise PS149

During the Polarstern cruise PS149 from July 2025 to August 2025 in the Atlantic part of the Arctic Ocean dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of the snow and ice were measured by impedance measurements at 50 MHz during 29 ice stations. Measurements were performed using the Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Hydra Probe Sensor. The cylindrical measurement region of the sensor has a length of 5.7 cm and a diameter of 3 cm. Snow and surface scattering layer (SSL) were measured by inserting the probe tines of the device either vertically or horizontally (in a snowpit), details in the "Comment" column. Ice core samples were obtained with a 9 cm corer. Then a positioning device was used to drill four 3mm holes vertically into the ice core for the Hydra Probe Sensor's central waveguide and outer rods. At what depth the ice was sampled is contained in the "Core depth [m]" column (either one depth or a range), where 0 m is the ice surface.