Abstract Plastic and metal biliary stents can fail to function properly, such failure being due to a positioning error or to the migration, occlusion, or fracture of the stent. An obstructed biliary s
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally, characterized by airflow limitation and lung hyperinflation due to emphysema. Bronchoscopic lun