Boosting freshwater fish conservation with high-resolution distribution mapping across a large territory

缺乏大范围淡水物种的高分辨率分布图从根本上挑战了全球生物多样性保护。我们设计了一个基于叠加物种分布模型和专家信息的基于高分辨率水系图的淡水鱼类分布界定框架。我们将这一框架应用于中国全部淡水鱼类（>1600种）以研究高分辨率生物多样性格局并揭示淡水生物多样性与人为干扰之间的潜在冲突。生物多样性特征（物种丰富度、特有度和系统发生多样性）的空间格局之间的相关性均显著（r=0.43-0.98，p<0.001）。高生物多样性特征的区域与人为干扰重叠。中国的保护区覆盖了22%的领土，保护了鱼类栖息地的25-29%、物种的16-23%和优先保护区的30-31%。此外，有6-21%的物种完全没有得到保护。这些结果表明需要扩大保护区网络以确保中国淡水鱼类的保护及其提供的货物和服务。具体来说，从东北到西南的大江大河中下游及其相关湖泊拥有最多样化的物种组合，因此应该是未来保护区网络扩张的目标。更一般地说，我们的框架可用于绘制结合物种发生数据和物种分布专家知识的淡水生物多样性高分辨率地图，为设计保护区提供了一种有效的方法，无论生态系统、分类群或区域如何。

The lack of high-resolution distribution maps for widespread freshwater species fundamentally hampers global biodiversity conservation. We developed a framework for defining freshwater fish distributions based on high-resolution hydrological maps, integrating stacked species distribution models and expert-derived information. We applied this framework to all freshwater fish species (>1,600 species) in China to investigate high-resolution biodiversity patterns and uncover potential conflicts between freshwater biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbances. Spatial patterns of key biodiversity metrics—including species richness, endemism, and phylogenetic diversity—exhibited significant correlations (r = 0.43–0.98, p < 0.001). Regions with high biodiversity values overlap with areas of intense anthropogenic disturbance. Protected areas in China cover 22% of the country’s territory, protecting 25–29% of fish habitats, 16–23% of fish species, and 30–31% of priority conservation areas. Additionally, 6–21% of fish species receive no formal conservation protection whatsoever. These findings indicate that expanding the protected area network is critical to ensuring the conservation of China’s freshwater fish and the ecosystem goods and services they provide. Specifically, mid- and downstream reaches of major rivers and their associated lakes spanning from northeast to southwest China harbor the most species-rich assemblages, and thus should be prioritized for future protected area network expansion. More broadly, our framework can be used to generate high-resolution maps of freshwater biodiversity that integrate species occurrence data and expert knowledge on species distributions, providing an effective approach for protected area design across ecosystems, taxonomic groups, and geographic regions.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于中国淡水鱼类的高分辨率分布映射，开发了一个结合物种分布模型和专家信息的框架，应用于超过1600种鱼类，以揭示生物多样性格局与人为干扰的重叠问题。研究发现保护区覆盖有限，建议扩大网络以加强保护，框架具有通用性，适用于不同生态系统和区域。