Financial Crisis Survey 2009, First Round - Latvia

Abstract
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This research was conducted in Latvia in June-July 2009 as part of the first round of The Financial Crisis Survey. Data from 226 establishments from private nonagricultural formal sector was analyzed to quantify the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis on companies in Latvia.

Researchers revisited establishments interviewed in Latvia Enterprise Survey 2009. Efforts were made to contact all respondents of the baseline survey to determine which of the companies were still operating and which were not. From the information collected during telephone interviews, indicators were computed to measure the effects of the financial crisis on key elements of the private economy: sales, employment, finances, and expectations of the future.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study was the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The manufacturing and services sectors were the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponded to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies were targeted for interviews. Services firms included construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government ownership were excluded.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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271 establishments that participated in Latvia Enterprise Survey 2009 were contacted for The Financial Crisis Survey. The implementing contractor received directions that the final achieved sample should include at least 120 establishments.

For Latvia Enterprise Survey 2009, the sample was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into manufacturing industries, services industries, and one residual (core) sector. Each industry had a target of 90 interviews. For the core industries sample sizes were inflated by about 2% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in 6 regions. These regions are Riga, Pieriga, Vidzeme, Kurzeme, Zemgale, and Latgale.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

The source of the sample frame was the January 2008 version of the Business Register of the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 26.32% (195 out of 741 establishments).

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument
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The following survey instrument is available:
- Financial Crisis Survey Questionnaire

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks and callbacks.

摘要
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本研究于2009年6月至7月在拉脱维亚进行，作为《金融危机调查》首轮调查的一部分。对来自私营非农业正规部门的226个机构的资料进行了分析，以量化2008年全球金融危机对拉脱维亚公司的影响。
研究人员回顾了在2009年拉脱维亚企业调查中被采访的机构。努力联系所有基线调查的受访者，以确定哪些公司仍在运营，哪些已不再运营。通过电话访谈收集的信息，计算了指标，以衡量金融危机对私营经济关键要素的影响：销售额、就业、财务状况和对未来的预期。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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本研究的主要抽样单位是机构。机构是指进行商业活动、工业操作或提供服务的地方。一个公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一个啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。为了本次调查的目的，一个机构必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与公司分开的独立财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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制造业和服务业是主要关注的业务部门。这对应于国际标准工业分类（ISIC）代码为15-37、45、50-52、55、60-64和72（ISIC Rev.3.1）的公司。旨在对注册（正式）公司进行访谈。服务公司包括建筑、零售、批发、酒店、餐馆、运输、仓储、通信和IT。排除100%政府所有权的公司。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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271个参与2009年拉脱维亚企业调查的机构被联系以进行金融危机调查。实施承包商收到指示，最终实现的样本应至少包括120个机构。
对于2009年拉脱维亚企业调查，样本是通过分层随机抽样选择的。在该国使用了三个分层级别：行业、机构规模和地区。
行业分层的设计如下：总体被分层为制造业、服务业和一个剩余（核心）部门。每个行业的目标是90次访谈。对于核心行业，样本量增加了约2%，以应对在请求敏感财务数据时的潜在非响应案例，以及未来调查中可能出现的损失，这将影响面板的构建。
规模分层是根据标准化的定义来定义的：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数是根据报告的永久全职工作人员数量来定义的。这似乎是对劳动力的一种适当定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外并不常见。
地区分层是在6个地区定义的。这些地区是里加、派里加、维兹梅、库尔泽梅、泽姆加莱和拉特加莱。
鉴于分层设计，需要包含所选地区机构完整且更新列表的样本框。为了获得这些清单的最佳来源，付出了巨大的努力。然而，样本框的质量并不理想，因此需要进行一些调整，以纠正不合格单位的存在。这些调整反映在权重计算中。
样本框的来源是拉脱维亚中央统计局2008年1月的商业登记簿。在项目开始时评估了框架的质量。框架证明是有用的，尽管它显示了非合格率、重复、不存在单位等正面的比率。这些问题是机构调查中典型的，但鉴于这些不准确可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察的适当权重时需要进行调整。已确认的非合格单位占完成调查的接触总数的26.32%（195个机构中的741个）。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈 [cati]
研究工具
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以下调查工具可供使用：
- 金融危机调查问卷
数据清理操作
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数据输入和质量控制由承包商实施，数据以批量（通常是10%、50%和100%）的形式交付给世界银行。这些数据交付被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查和回电进行纠正。