Neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade therapy remodeling the microenvironment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade therapy can prolong the survival of patients, but the underlying mechanisms for the failure of patients to benefit from combination therapy remain to be explored. To explore the mechanism of drug resistance and predict patient response, we performed scRNA-seq from 6 NSCLC patients, including 3 post-treatment patients with major pathological response (MPR), and 3 Non-MPR patients to observe and analyze the dynamic changes of immune cells, stromal cells and cancer cells from the NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade therapy and verified in an independent cohort. Overall design: Advanced NSCLC patients received neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with PD-1 blockade therapy, and surgical treatment was performed after reaching the resectable criteria. 6 patients were enrolled in this study from December 2022 to December 2023. Single cells was isolated from 6 tissue samples respectively and analysed using scRNA-seq.