Pathologic changes of study population.

All continuous variables are shown as mean (SD) for normal distributions, or median (interquartile range) for non-parametric variables. Categorical variables were frequency per observation (N (%)). Pathological characteristics for patients who progressed to the primary outcome were compared with those who did not using χ2 test for dichotomous variables, and student t-test for parametric continuous variables. Abbreviations: ESRD, end stage renal disease; TA, tubular atrophy;