Data_Sheet_1_Local field potentials and single unit dynamics in motor cortex of unconstrained macaques during different behavioral states.pdf

Different sleep stages have been shown to be vital for a variety of brain functions, including learning, memory, and skill consolidation. However, our understanding of neural dynamics during sleep and the role of prominent LFP frequency bands remain incomplete. To elucidate such dynamics and differences between behavioral states we collected multichannel LFP and spike data in primary motor cortex of unconstrained macaques for up to 24 h using a head-fixed brain-computer interface (Neurochip3). Each 8-s bin of time was classified into awake-moving (Move), awake-resting (Rest), REM sleep (REM), or non-REM sleep (NREM) by using dimensionality reduction and clustering on the average spectral density and the acceleration of the head. LFP power showed high delta during NREM, high theta during REM, and high beta when the animal was awake. Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling typically showed higher coupling during NREM between all pairs of frequency bands. Two notable exceptions were high delta-high gamma and theta-high gamma coupling during Move, and high theta-beta coupling during REM. Single units showed decreased firing rate during NREM, though with increased short ISIs compared to other states. Spike-LFP synchrony showed high delta synchrony during Move, and higher coupling with all other frequency bands during NREM. These results altogether reveal potential roles and functions of different LFP bands that have previously been unexplored.

不同睡眠阶段已被证实对众多大脑功能至关重要，包括学习、记忆以及技能巩固。然而，我们对睡眠期间神经动态以及显著长时程电位（LFP）频段作用的理解尚不完整。为阐明此类动态及行为状态之间的差异，我们采用固定头部的大脑-计算机接口（Neurochip3）对非限制性猕猴初级运动皮层进行了长达24小时的跨通道LFP和尖峰数据采集。通过对平均频谱密度和头部加速度的降维和聚类，将每个8秒的时间段分类为清醒活动（Move）、清醒休息（Rest）、快速眼动睡眠（REM）或非快速眼动睡眠（NREM）。LFP功率在NREM期间表现出高δ波，在REM期间表现出高θ波，而在动物清醒时表现出高β波。跨频段相位-幅度耦合通常在NREM期间所有频段对之间表现出更高的耦合。两个显著的例外是在Move期间的高δ-γ和高θ-γ耦合，以及在REM期间的高θ-β耦合。单个神经元在NREM期间的放电频率降低，尽管与其他状态相比，其短间隔时间（ISI）有所增加。尖峰-LFP同步在Move期间表现出高δ同步，在NREM期间与其他所有频段表现出更高的耦合。这些结果共同揭示了先前未充分探索的不同LFP频段的潜在作用和功能。