Floral resource availability and honeybee flower visitations in Oslo, Norway

Urban green infrastructure can provide important habitats for pollinators and support urban ecosystem services. Therefore, these areas must be managed to maximize biodiversity and density of pollinating insects. We used DNA metabarcoding to study honeybee pollen resource use over time and space in the city of Oslo, Norway, and to assess the role of green infrastructure as a resource for pollinators and the services they generate. Urban honeybees used diverse pollen resources throughout their active season. There was considerable seasonal turnover in pollen resource use that reflected flowering phenology. Non-native plants (including invasive species) were an important resource early in the season but were replaced by native plants later in the season. Hive location was not strongly correlated with resource use, likely indicating effective long-distance foraging in the fragmented urban landscape. However, flower visitation rates and floral resource density in public urban green spaces we..., Floral inventories were conducted in 100 green spaces within the Oslo urban area between July 18 and August 4, 2017, generating a landscape-level estimate of floral resource abundance for this time period. Sampling locations were extensions of previous work, with sites selected to capture a range of habitat suitability values as expressed in early versions of a model for urban pollinator habitat (Stange et al. 2017). The urban green spaces investigated were publicly accessible and included hedgerow, lawn, meadow, and waste areas containing primarily ruderal vegetation, as well as parks and cemeteries containing planted and tended vegetation. Green spaces composed of short cut lawns, forests lacking flowering ground cover, and private garden green spaces were excluded from the inventory. Each green space was visited once to determine floral resource density using 1 to 3 transects according to vegetation patch size and shape for a total of 20 transect meters. All open floral units were re..., , # Floral resource availability and honeybee flower visitations in Oslo, Norway

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5qk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5qk)

The dataset contains locality level floral resource estimates for 100 sites in Oslo, Norway, and pollinator visitation events observed at the same localities.

## Description of the data and file structure

The project includes the following data files, all of which use the string \"N/A\" to indicate missing or non-recorded values:

#### floral\_visitation\_data.txt
This tab-delimited text file includes observations of flying and sitting pollinators along transects in urban areas in Oslo, Norway. It contains data columns with the following headers:

| Column header | Description |
| ------------- | ----------- |
| trap\_number | a unique identifier for the locality |
| inventory\_date | the date on which observations were made |
| observer1 | initials of the primary observer on the transect |
| observer2 | initials of the secon...