Agricultural Waste in Precast Concrete Walls to Structural Characterization and Thermal Efficiency: A dataset Development

The current study investigates the structural behavior of Prefabricated Composite Sandwich Panels (PCSPs) designed with alternative and sustainable core materials. Three types of core materials were considered: Extruded Polystyrene (XPS), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), and Agro-Waste, each combined with cementitious skins made from two grades of concrete, M25 and M40. The primary objective was to evaluate how these combinations influence compressive and flexural strength, while also exploring their potential for sustainable construction practices. The PCSP panels were manufactured in thicknesses ranging from 10 mm to 50 mm and were subjected to standard compressive and flexural strength testing. The results revealed that the strength of the panels depended strongly on the grade of concrete used in the skins. Panels incorporating M40 grade concrete consistently demonstrated higher compressive strength compared with those made with M25 grade concrete, indicating the importance of higher quality concrete in enhancing mechanical performance.Among the three core materials, Agro-Waste emerged as a promising substitute. For example, panels with an Agro-Waste core and M40 concrete skins achieved compressive strengths of 38.89 MPa at a thickness of 10 mm, while the same core paired with M25 concrete attained 27.06 MPa. This performance highlights the significant improvement achieved by upgrading the concrete grade. The findings also suggest that Agro-Waste, when used as a lightweight filler material, can match or even surpass synthetic options such as XPS and EPS under similar conditions. The investigation supports the use of Agro-Waste as a viable and eco-friendly core material in prefabricated panel production. The panels not only deliver competitive mechanical properties but also promote sustainability by reducing reliance on synthetic, non-biodegradable materials. Such panels can be integrated into modular construction systems, helping reduce environmental impact while maintaining structural reliability. The dataset and results provide valuable benchmarks for further research into sustainable sandwich panel design. By offering a balance between strength, durability, and eco-friendliness, Agro-Waste based PCSPs hold strong potential for scalable use in modern building practices where prefabrication and green construction methods are increasingly emphasized.