Characteristics of 83 participants.

DM = Diabetes mellitus, BMI = body mass index, HbA1C = glycosylated hemoglobin, TC = Total cholesterol, TGs = triglycerides, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, eGFR  = estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR = urinary albumin creatinine ratio, UAER = urine albumin excretion rate, cIMT = carotid intima-media thickness, ACEI = angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker.
aTo convert cystatin and β2-microglobulinconcentrations from mg/dL to mg/L, multiply by 10. To convert urea concentrations from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.1665. To convert creatinine concentrations from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 88.402. To convert total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.02586. To convert triacylglycerol concentrations from mg/dL to mmol/L, multiply by 0.01129. *p<0.05, **p<0.001.