Data and code: Accessibility, metadata missingness and biodiversity-record visibility in the Maros-Pangkep UNESCO Global Geopark

This dataset supports the study “Accessibility and Visibility of Biodiversity Observations in the Maros–Pangkep UNESCO Global Geopark.” It integrates geospatial, accessibility and biodiversity-observation data for 27 terrestrial sites within the geopark. The site and accessibility dataset was developed through mapping, digitisation, field observation and validation against the spatial planning documents of Maros and Pangkep Regencies. Biodiversity records were obtained from the GBIF Darwin Core Archive download 0013639-260806074905277 (DOI: 10.15468/dl.nhdg4m), which contains 20,720 unique occurrence records. Following quality control, 11,864 coordinate-bearing records were retained at stage S4, of which 11,458 onshore records were allocated to the nearest terrestrial site. The repository contains the 27-site inventory, accessibility indicators, GIS shapefiles, quality-control summaries, point-to-site assignments, a balanced analytical panel comprising 27 sites × three GBIF source categories × 15 years (2010–2024; 1,215 observations), R and Python scripts, model outputs, diagnostic and sensitivity results, final analytical tables, figures, a data dictionary, provenance documentation and SHA-256 integrity manifests. GBIF records are classified into eBird, iNaturalist and other GBIF sources using the datasetKey field. The analytical workflow applies geospatial processing and multilevel negative-binomial modelling to examine platform-dependent observation visibility and its association with terrestrial accessibility. The outcome represents biodiversity-recording intensity and should not be interpreted as latent or actual biodiversity. Raw GBIF data are not redistributed in this deposit because they are already preserved and citable through the original GBIF DOI.