Current-induced switching of a van der Waals ferromagnet at room temperature

The recent discovery of emergent magnetism in van der Waals magnetic materials (vdWMM) has broadened the material space for developing spintronic devices for energy-efficient computation. While there has been appreciable progress in vdWMM discovery, a solution for non-volatile, deterministic switching of vdWMMs at room temperature has been missing, limiting the prospects of their adoption into commercial spintronic devices. Here, we report the first demonstration of current-controlled non-volatile, deterministic magnetization switching in a vdW magnetic material at room temperature. We have achieved spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching of the PMA vdW ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 using a Pt spin-Hall layer up to 320 K, with a threshold switching current density as low as JSW = 1.69 × 106 A cm-2 at room temperature. We have also quantitatively estimated the anti-damping-like SOT efficiency of our Fe3GaTe2/Pt bilayer system to be ξDL = 0.093, using the second harmonic Hall voltage measurement techniq..., Bulk Crystal Characterisation
Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data were measured on bulk samples using an X’Pert Pro diffractometer (PANalytical) in Bragg-Brentano geometry operating with a curved Ge(111) monochromator and Cu Kα1 radiation with a wavelength of 0.154 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images on both bulk crystals and exfoliated flakes on SiO2 substrates are measured using a Zeiss Merlin high-resolution SEM system with images acquired at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV, a current of 1000 pA, and a working distance of 8.5 mm. SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental maps were taken using the EDAX APEX software.
Electrical transport measurements were performed on the bulk crystals in a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS Dynacool, Quantum Design) in a five-probe geometry with contacts made of silver epoxy H20E and platinum wires. Direct current magnetization of the sample was acquired using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) option on crysta..., , # Current-induced switching of a van der Waals ferromagnet at room temperature

The source datafiles are created according to the figures in the manuscript. Each figure (main text or supplemenatary) has it's own .xlsx file. Data corresponding to sub-figures or insets is added to separate spreadsheet pages within the file for that figure. Below we provide detailed description of the data (abbreviations, data arrangement) for all the main text figures. Similar conventions as the main text figures have been followed for the supplementary figures.

**Fig.1**

**(b)** X-ray diffration - 2theta vs I (intensity)
**(c)** Energy dispersive spectroscopy - Energy (E) vs intensity (I)
**(d)** Hysteresis curves - field vs M (magnetization) at different temperatures (3, 100, 200, 300, 320, 330, ..., 380, 400K). Two columns (field, M) are provided for each temperature.
**(e)** Anomalous Hall resistance - field (B) vs Hall resistivity (rhoxy) at different temperatures (1.8, 50, 100, ..., 300, 330, 34...