ANOVA and ANCOVA statistics for trait values.

Trait abbreviations as in Table 1. Test statistics are for mixed-model, nested ANOVAs using “nitrogen level” and “invasive status” as fixed effects and “species” nested in “invasive status” as a random effect, except biomass allocation traits (top 4 rows), which were analyzed as mixed-model nested ANCOVAs with final harvest biomass as a covariate. Boldface denotes p-values less than.05; § denotes p-values significant at α = .05 when corrected for 17 comparisons by the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.