China's Gaofen-5 satellite CO2 remote sensing retrieval product dataset

This dataset is a CO₂ column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO₂) product set generated from observational data of China's indigenously developed Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite's Greenhouse gases Monitoring Instrument (GMI) using a self-developed advanced retrieval algorithm. The products cover the period from 2022 to 2024, span the entire territory of China, and provide high-precision XCO₂ raster data at a daily temporal scale and approximately 1 km spatial resolution. To address the significant challenges posed by China's typically polluted atmospheric conditions for retrieval, the project team overcame the limitations of traditional algorithms by developing an improved iterative inversion algorithm incorporating a parameterized estimation model for aerosol scattering effects. This significantly enhanced the accuracy and stability of CO₂ concentration retrieval under complex atmospheric environments. The dataset was rigorously validated against data from international authoritative ground-based observation networks like TCCON, with results showing good consistency between the retrieved values and ground-based measurements, with a root mean square error better than 2 ppm, reaching the advanced level of international comparable products. This CO₂ product, entirely based on domestic satellite data, provides an indispensable remote sensing data source for China to conduct independent and controllable carbon emission monitoring, regional carbon flux estimation, and independent verification of national and provincial emission inventories. The dataset is in raster format.