Baseline characteristics upon presentation at the Emergency Department (n = 395).

COPD, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was classified using the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease classification (GOLD), Hepatic means liver disease related to malignancy, hepatitis, auto-immune liver disease and/or alcoholic liver disease, cardiac means heart disease related to acute coronary syndrome (cardiovascular disease), valvular disease and/or heart failure, renal means renal disease including current renal replacement therapy, cerebrovascular means cerebrovascular disease; n, number; ICU, intensive care unit; data are presented as number (percentage) of patients.