Annual global grided livestock mapping from 1961 to 2021

We release annual global livestock density maps (1961–2021) at 5-km resolution for eight groups: cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, chickens, and ducks. Each raster represents heads per km² on a 5-km grid and is produced by a Random Forest workflow trained on multi-source predictors and constrained by theoretical suitability masks. We also provide a matched per-pixel, per-year uncertainty layer (0–1) that integrates (i) temporal extrapolation with local sample support, (ii) feature completeness by species/year, and (iii) MESS-like environmental similarity to the training domain. Uncertainty is higher in earlier decades (1960s–1990s) and data-sparse regions; users should consult the accompanying uncertainty layers when analyzing long-term trends or making regional inferences.