Characterization of Vaccinium uliginosum populations arranged by increasing plant surface area (study sites in italics were observed 2008–2010, others only in 2010).

“Plant surface area” is the sum of the area covered by V. uliginosum shrubs. “Surface area of the study site” includes between shrub patches, “site perimeter” is the length of the edge of the study site. “Edge density” is the perimeter divided by surface of the study site. “Shrub cover” is “Plant surface area” per “surface area of the study site”. “Bog surface area” refers to the surrounding habitat, which is partly surrounded by forest plantations (“Surrounding forest”). “Isolation” is the distance to the nearest neighbouring study site. *Lithalsas are ramparted depressions covered with floating bog vegetation. Further explanations see text.