Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels in laying hen diets to improve productivity and reduce pollutant impact on the environment

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential minerals required to animal health, especially in laying hens, since they are important components for bone structuring and eggshell formation. Diets with inadequate levels tend to interfere with their absorption and digestibility, resulting in eggshell quality losses and reduced productive life, affecting production and welfare. Therefore, this study evaluated the gene expression profile through transcriptome analysis of different tissues of laying hens.