The racial and ethnic gap in behavioral measures rivals the gender gap in the United States – Replication Data

<h3>Background</h3>
This is the data of a paper published in PNAS: Dariel et al. (2026) "The racial and ethnic gap in behavioral measures rivals the gender gap in the United States", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.

<h3>Purpose</h3>
We look at differences in competitiveness and risk tolerance, across Blacks, Hispanics and Whites in the United States.

<h3>Method</h3>
<p>
The data was gathered through an online survey by YouGov. The experiments are incentivized. (2026-01-02).
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<p>
YouGov interviewed 2471 White, Black and Hispanic respondents between the ages of 25 and 54.
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<p>
A sampling frame was constructed by stratified sampling from the full 2016 American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year sample with selection within strata by weighted sampling with replacements (using the person weights on the public use file).
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<p>
The respondents were weighted to the sampling frame using propensity scores. The cases and the frame were combined and a logistic regression was estimated for inclusion in the frame. The propensity score function included age, race/ethnicity, years of education, and region.
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<p>
The propensity scores were grouped into deciles of the estimated propensity score in the frame and post-stratified according to these deciles. The weights were then post-stratified on 2016 Presidential vote choice, and a four-way stratification of gender, age (4-categories), race (4- categories), and education (4-categories), to produce the final weight.
</p>

<p>
YouGov has provided weights: The respondents were weighted to the sampling frame using propensity scores. The cases and the frame were combined and a logistic regression was estimated for inclusion in the frame. The propensity score function included age, race/ethnicity, years of education, and region.
</p>

<p>
The propensity scores were grouped into deciles of the estimated propensity score in the frame and post-stratified according to these deciles. The weights were then post-stratified on 2016 Presidential vote choice, and a four-way stratification of gender, age (4-categories), race (4- categories), and education (4-categories), to produce the final weight.
</p>