Neural markers associated with improved tinnitus perception after tinnitus retraining therapy

Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) has been widely used in tinnitus management. However, its efficacy is often assessed through subjective methods. Here, we aimed to assess potential neural changes following TRT using mismatch negativity (MMN). Chronic tinnitus (&gt;6 months) patients participated in a six-month TRT program. We collected tinnitus psychoacoustic features and gathered the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) before and after TRT. We also used a multi-featured paradigm, including frequency, intensity, duration, location and silent gap deviants, to elicit MMN response before and after TRT. Data were analyzed retrospectively. The study involved 26 chronic tinnitus patients. Post-TRT measurements showed that MMN amplitudes significantly increased for all deviant conditions (p ≤ .03). However, we did not find a significant difference in MMN latencies for all deviant conditions (p ≥ .13). The THI scores of the patients significantly decreased following the TRT program (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Our results reveal improved subjective tinnitus perception following the TRT program. These findings indicate that TRT might be a viable alternative in tinnitus management. The greater MMN amplitudes and improved subjective tinnitus perception raise the possibility that MMN can be a useful tool in tinnitus research and tinnitus patient follow-up.