CD11c+ DCs drive IFN-γ production by CD4+ TEFF cells in vivo.

(A) Mice received GFP+ gDT-II cells prior to HSV-1 skin infection. IFM analysis of skin 5 days post-infection after staining with anti-MHC-II and -IFN-γ antibodies. Arrows indicate IFN-γ+ gDT-II cells. Scale bars: A-i, 100 µm; A-ii, 20 µm; A-iii, 20 µm. (B,C) CD11c.DTR mice received naïve gDT-II cells prior to HSV-1 skin infection and 4 days post-infection were treated with diphtheria toxin (DT) or PBS (Ctrl). Analysis of IFN-γ+ gDT-II cells in skin (collagenase digestion). ***, Pn = 11–15 mice/group from 3 experiments. (D) Wild-type mice received naïve gDT-II or gBT-II cells prior to infection and 4 days post-infection were treated with anti-CD80/86 (αCD80/86) or isotype control (Isotype) antibodies. Analysis of IFN-γ+ gDT-II cells in skin (collagenase digestion) and axillary LNs, and of IFN-γ+ gBT-I cells in epidermal sheets (dispase digestion) days 5 post-infection. *, PPn = 6–7 mice/group from 2–3 experiments.