Datasets produced by Multiscale Impacts of Cyanobacterial Crusts on Landscape Stability (1/6) (NERC grant NE/K011464/1)

Data from laboratory experiments conducted as part of project NE/K011464/1 (associated with NE/K011626/1) Multiscale Impacts of Cyanobacterial Crusts on Landscape stability. Soils were collected from two sites in eastern Australia and transferred to a laboratory at Griffith University, Queensland for conduct of experiments. Soils were A, a sandy loam, and B a loamy fine sand. Trays 120 mm x 1200 mm x 50 mm were filled with untreated soil that contained a natural population of biota. Soils were either used immediately for experiments (physical soil crust only: PC) or were placed in a greenhouse and spray irrigated until a cyanobacterial crust has grown from the natural biota. Growth was for a period of 5 days (SS), c.30 days (MS2) or c.60 days (MS1). Following the growing period (if applicable) trays were placed in a temperature/humidity controlled room at 35° and 30% humidity until soil moisture (measured 5 mm below the surface) was 5%. Trays were then subject to rainfall simulation. Rainfall intensity of 60 mm hr-1 was used and rainfall was applied for 2 minutes (achieving 2 mm application), 8 minutes (achieving 8 mm application) or 15 minutes (achieving 15 mm application). Following rainfall, trays were returned to the temperature/humidity-controlled room under UV lighting until soil moisture at 5 mm below the surface was 5%. A wind tunnel was then placed on top of each tray in turn and a sequential series of wind velocities (5, 7, 8.5, 10, 12 m s-1) applied each for one minute duration. On each tray the five wind velocities were run without saltation providing a cumulative dust flux. For the highest wind speed, an additional simulation run was conducted with the injection of saltation sands. Three replicates of each rainfall treatment were made. Variables measured include photographs, spectral reflectance, surface roughness, fluorescence, penetrometry, chlorophyll content, extracellular polysaccharide content, Carbon, Nitrogen and splash erosion and particle-size analysis (of wind eroded material). Details of rainfall simulator, growth of cyanobacteria, laser soil surface roughness characterisation and wind tunnel design and deployment in Strong et al., 2016; Bullard et al. 2018, 2019. Bullard, J.E., Ockelford, A., Strong, C.L., Aubault, H. 2018a. Impact of multi-day rainfall events on surface roughness and physical crusting of very fine soils. Geoderma, 313, 181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.038. Bullard, J.E., Ockelford, A., Strong, C.L., Aubault, H. 2018b. Effects of cyanobacterial soil crusts on surface roughness and splash erosion. Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences. doi: 10.1029/2018. Strong, C.S., Leys, J.F., Raupach, M.R., Bullard, J.E., Aubault, H.A., Butler, H.J., McTainsh, G.H. 2016. Development and testing of a micro wind tunnel for on-site wind erosion simulations. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 16, 1065-1083.

数据来源于作为项目NE/K011464/1（与NE/K011626/1相关联）的子项目“蓝藻皮层对景观稳定性多尺度影响”所进行的实验室实验。土壤样本采集于澳大利亚东部两个地点，并被运送至昆士兰州格里菲斯大学实验室进行实验。采集的土壤类型为A型，沙壤土，以及B型，壤性细沙。120毫米×1200毫米×50毫米的托盘被填充了含有自然生物群落的无处理土壤。土壤要么直接用于实验（仅物理土壤皮层：PC），要么放置在温室中并通过喷灌直至自然生物群落生长出蓝藻皮层。生长周期为5天（SS）、约30天（MS2）或约60天（MS1）。在生长周期结束后（如适用），托盘被放置在温度/湿度控制的房间内，温度为35°C，湿度为30%，直至土壤水分（测量深度为地表下5毫米）达到5%。随后，托盘受到降雨模拟，降雨强度为60毫米/小时，降雨时间为2分钟（达到2毫米降水量）、8分钟（达到8毫米降水量）或15分钟（达到15毫米降水量）。降雨后，托盘被返回至温度/湿度控制的房间，并在紫外光下直至地表下5毫米处的土壤水分达到5%。接着，在每个托盘上方依次放置风洞，并应用一系列连续的风速（5、7、8.5、10、12米/秒），每风速持续一分钟。在每个托盘上，五个风速均进行了无跳跃的沙尘通量累积实验。对于最高的风速，还进行了一次包含跳跃沙粒的额外模拟实验。每种降雨处理的重复次数为三次。测量的变量包括照片、光谱反射率、表面粗糙度、荧光、穿透度、叶绿素含量、细胞外多糖含量、碳、氮和溅溅侵蚀，以及风力侵蚀物质的粒度分析。有关降雨模拟器、蓝藻生长、激光土壤表面粗糙度表征以及风洞设计和部署的详细信息，可参考Strong等（2016年）、Bullard等（2018年、2019年）的研究。Bullard, J.E.，Ockelford, A.，Strong, C.L.，Aubault, H.（2018a）。多日降雨事件对超细土壤表面粗糙度和物理结皮的影响。Geoderma，313，181-192。doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.10.038。Bullard, J.E.，Ockelford, A.，Strong, C.L.，Aubault, H.（2018b）。蓝藻土壤皮层对表面粗糙度和溅溅侵蚀的影响。Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences。doi: 10.1029/2018。Strong, C.S.，Leys, J.F.，Raupach, M.R.，Bullard, J.E.，Aubault, H.A.，Butler, H.J.，McTainsh, G.H.（2016年）。开发和测试用于现场风蚀模拟的微型风洞。Environmental Fluid Mechanics，16，1065-1083。