The associations between serum vitamin D concentration and secondary outcomes among 426 cardiac surgical patients.

ICU = Intensive care unit; LOS = length of stay.*Odds ratio or hazard ratio for a 5-unit increase in vitamin D concentration, after adjusting for potential confounders: age, gender, race, body mass index, smoking status, dialysis, and ethanol alcohol (ETOH).¶There summary statistics were length of stay for discharged alive patients. Six patients died in ICU; those patients were analyzed as never being discharged alive by assigning a follow-up time one day longer than the longest observed discharged alive time.