Suplementary material-data-Shedding light on shining leaf Chafers: Rutelinae MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae) as a neglected group of Pollinators

In this data were used unpublished sources and image records from an online citizen science platform (iNaturalist) to conduct a comprehensive sampling of the interactions between Rutelinae and the flowers they visit. These data were supplemented with our own records and additional photographs provided by other authors specifically for this study. The aiming at investigating the role of Rutelinae as pollinators. The results reveal 281 interactions involving 32 species of Rutelinae with flowers of 54 angiosperm families; 256 records were extracted from iNaturalist and 25 were from our own data. All rights to the image analyzed from the iNaturalist platform as well as the images provided to the authors are attributed respectively to each image analyzed. Any researcher may freely access the data used in the analyses performed by the authors of the manuscript submitted to the Journal of Applied Entomology. An exhaustive review of all photographs uploaded to the citizen science platform was conducted. Our aim was to locate all records of Rutelinae visiting wildflowers worldwide. All available photographic material from iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/) was thoroughly reviewed. The search criteria included the following keywords: Rutelinae, Adoretini, Alvarengini, Anatistini, Anomalini, Anoplognathini, Geniatini, and Rutelini. Records of Rutelinae interacting with flowers were initially included. Only photographs uploaded up until 31 May 2024 were considered. We performed a double-check, considering only beetles resting on flowers in natural conditions, and excluding duplicate records. These data were supplemented with our own records and additional photographs provided by other authors specifically for this study. For each flower-visiting event, we aimed to include information on the Rutelinae species, the plant species (or at least the lowest possible taxonomic level), the observation month, and the location of the Rutelinae. All Rutelinae were identified based on diagnostic features of the world fauna, following the keys of Soula (2006, 2009). The names of animal taxa follow the nomenclature adopted by the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB)(http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/listaBrasil/PrincipalUC/PrincipalUC.do?lingua=pt). All taxonomic identifications of plants were made considering the morphological characters seen in each image and which provided sufficient information for their determination, regardless of the taxon level. For identification, Flora & Funga do Brasil (2025), speciesLink (2025) for Brazilian flora, and Stevens (2017) and POWO (2025) for international flora were used. In addition, experts were consulted for identification or confirmation. The names of each taxon were checked for spelling in IPNI (2025), and in Flora & Funga do Brasil (2025) and POWO (2025) to determine whether it is a name considered valid or a synonym.