<p>Performance of regression models for each muscle parameter and associated performance metrics.</p>

Standard errors (SE) reflect the precision of the estimated coefficients, while standardized coefficients (Beta) represent the change in the dependent variable’s standard deviations per one-standard-deviation change in the predictor variable [42]. Cohen’s f2 [44] quantifies the effect size in regression, indicating the variance explained by an independent variable. Statistical power [45] denotes the likelihood of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis, with a value of 1.0 indicating sufficient sample size and effect size for detecting significant results.