One of these things is not like the other: mixed predator cues result in lopsided phenotypic responses in a Neotropical tadpole

Many organisms have evolved to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental variation. Dendropsophus ebraccatus tadpoles develop opposing shifts in morphology and coloration when they are exposed to invertebrate vs vertebrate predators. Each of these alternate phenotypes is adaptive, conferring a survival advantage against the predator with which tadpoles were reared but imposing a survival cost with the mismatched predator. Here, we measured the phenotypic response of tadpoles to graded cues and mixed cues of both fish and dragonfly nymphs. Prey species like D. ebraccatus commonly co-occur with both of these types of predators, amongst many others as well. In our first experiment, tadpoles increased investment in defensive phenotypes in response to increasing concentrations of predator cues. Whereas morphology only differed in the strongest cue predator, tail spot coloration differed even at the lowest cue concentration. In our second experiment, tadpoles reared with cues ..., The data are collected from digital photographs taken of anesthetized animals. 14 landmarks are placed around the tadpole to quantify its shape using the StereoMorph package in R. Tail spot coloration is measured using ImageJ., The data file contains two tps files, which can be analyzed by any software for Geometric Morphometrics. We used the geomorph package in R. .tps files can also be viewed with a standard text editor. , # One of these things is not like the other: mixed and graded predator cues result in lopsided phenotypic responses in treefrog tadpoles

Authors: Rosenthal, D.M., Deng, L., Rose, T., and Touchon, J.C.

### **DATA FILES**

File name: **Expt1_tadpole_landmarks.tps**
Description: A TPS file that contains the raw data of 14 landmarks collected for all tadpoles in Experiment 1 using the digitizing app in the StereoMorph R package.

File name: **Expt2_tadpole_landmarks.tps**
Description: A TPS file that contains the raw data of 14 landmarks collected for all tadpoles in Experiment 2 using the digitizing app in the StereoMorph R package.

File name: **Expt1_color_measurements.csv**
Description: Measurements of tail spot color and size of Dendropsophus ebraccatus tadpoles raised in low, medium or high concentrations of insect or fish chemical cues or as predator free controls. Also included are principal component scores from geometric morphometric analysis.

Brightness: The average brightness...