TECHNOLOGICAL PATHWAYS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE RECYCLING AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF RECYCLING PROCESSES

This article analyzes contemporary technological approaches to municipal solid waste recycling and evaluates their environmental efficiency. The study scientifically examines the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical sorting, composting, anaerobic digestion, landfill methods, and integrated waste management systems. In addition, a comparative analysis of waste recycling rates and environmental efficiency indicators is conducted using the examples of Germany, Sweden, Japan, the Netherlands, Uzbekistan, India, and Brazil. The research findings demonstrate that integrated recycling and energy recovery technologies represent the most environmentally efficient approach. Furthermore, the study substantiates that the development of waste separation systems and the implementation of advanced technologies are key factors for achieving sustainable environmental development.