Self-Assembling [n.n]Paracyclophanes: A Structure–Property Relationship Study

Reported here is the synthesis, characterization, and isodesmic supramolecular polymerization of [3.3]­paracyclophane-5,8,14,17-tetracarboxamide ([3.3]­pCpTA). The self-assembling monomer, a bridge-expanded homolog of [2.2]­paracyclophane-4,7,12,15-tetracarboxamide ([2.2]­pCpTA), forms homochiral assemblies in nonpolar solution and the solid state through double-helical intermolecular and transannular hydrogen bonding. The additional methylene unit in the [3.3]­paracyclophane bridge results in a weakened supramolecular assembly for [3.3]­pCpTA compared to [2.2]­pCpTA in solution. Likely origins of the change in assembly strength, revealed through X-ray crystallography, computational analysis, and solution-phase spectroscopy, are an increase in (a) the intramolecular and intermolecular deck-to-deck spacing compared to [2.2]­paracyclophane resulting from larger amide dihedral angles accompanying transannular hydrogen bonding in the [3.3]­paracyclophane and (b) monomer entropy associated with the scissoring motion of the [3.3]­paracyclophane bridge.