Comparison of HC-PAIRS total scores (pre-intervention), between participants classified as ‘guideline consistent’ and ‘guideline inconsistent’.

P-values are calculated from the t-test. For each question, the means for the non-consistent group were significantly higher (p<0.003 for each question) than for the guideline-consistent group. A higher HC PAIRS score indicates a stronger belief that pain implies disability and that low back pain should affect daily function, aligning less with the evidence-based recommendations for exercise, work and bed rest.