The research on the urban functional zones of Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu involves data

Road network vector from the open street map (OSM) (https://www.openstreetmap.org/), the last time to access the data in 2023. OSM, as a form of voluntary geographic information (VGI) and distributed geographic information.High-resolution GF-2 remote sensing images from China Resources Satellite Application Center (https://www.cresda.com/). The multispectral spatial resolution of the GF-2 optical satellite is 3.2 meters, and the panchromatic spatial resolution is 0.8 meters.The building data for 2022 also comes from Autonavi Maps(https://www.amap.com/), which is a vector dataset that combines the geographical location and height information (mainly floor information) of buildings.SDGSAT - 1 satellite 2022 NTL data from sustainable development goal of large data centers for international studies (https://www.sdgsat.ac.cn/). It is the first satellite for monitoring and evaluating the Sustainable Development Goals. The satellite's low-light imager has three visible light bands and one panchromatic band, with spatial resolutions of 40 meters and 10 meters respectively. The data utilized in this study issourced fromSDGSAT-1 and provided by CBASCenter of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS).