Agricultural Sample Survey 2006-2007 (1999 E.C) - Ethiopia|农业统计数据集|粮食安全数据集

Abstract
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The sound performance of agriculture warrants the availability of food crops. This accomplishment in agriculture does not only signify the adequate acquisition of food crops to attain food security, but also heralds a positive aspect of the economy. In regard to this, collective efforts are being geared to securing agricultural outputs of the desired level so that self reliance in food supply can be achieved and disaster caused food shortages be contained in the shortest possible time in Ethiopia. The prime role that agriculture plays in a country's political, economic and social stability makes measures of agricultural productions extremely sensitive. Statistics collected on agricultural productions are, therefore, fraught with questions of reliability by data users. To tackle these questions convincingly and dissipate the misgivings of users, information on agriculture has to be collected using standard procedures of data collection. Upholding this principle, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been furnishing statistical information on the country's agriculture since 1980/81 to alert policy interventionists on the changes taking place in the agricultural sector. As part of this task the 2006-07 (1999 E.C) Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) was conducted to provide data on crop area and production of crops within the private peasant holdings for Main (“Meher”) Season of the specified year.

The general objective of CSA's Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) is to collect basic quantitative information on the country's agriculture that is essential for planning, policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation of mainly food security and other agricultural activities.

The specific objectives of Main (“Meher”) Season Post Harvest Survey are:
- To estimate the total crop area, volume of crop production and yield of crops for Main (“Meher”) Season agriculture in Ethiopia.
- To estimate the total volume of inputs used, inputs applied area and number of holders using inputs.
- To estimate the total cultivated area and other forms of land use.

Geographic coverage
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The 2006-2007 (1999 E.C) annual Agricultural Sample Survey ("Meher" season) covered the entire rural parts of the country except Gambella Region, and the non-sedentary population of three zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions.

Analysis unit
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Agricultural household/ Holder/ Crop

Universe
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Agricultural households

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Sampling Frame:
The list containing EAs of all regions and their respective agricultural households obtained from the 2001-2002 Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration (EASE) was used as the sampling frame in order to select the primary sampling units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from this frame based on the design proposed for the survey. Resettlement localities, on the other hand, are sub-samples of the list of all resettlements localities obtained from each region. The second stage sampling units, households, were selected from a fresh list of households that were prepared for each EA/ resettlement localities at the beginning of the survey.

Sample Design:
In order to select the sample a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. Enumeration areas (EAs) /resettlement localities were taken to be the primary sampling units (PSUs) and the secondary sampling units (SSUs) were agricultural households. The sample size for the 2006-2007 agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account both the required level of precision for the most important estimates within each domain and the amount of resources allocated to the survey. In order to reduce non-sampling errors, manageability of the survey in terms of quality and operational control was also considered. Except Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, where each region as a whole was taken to be the domain of estimation; each zone of a region / special wereda was adopted as a stratum for which major findings of the survey are reported. Moreover, values for the 2006/07 cultivated areas of crops and the expected amount of production for Gambella region are also provided. However, it is important to note that these values are not obtained from the survey but they are projections from the results of the 2003-2004 annual Crop Production Forecast Sample Survey.

Selection Scheme:
Enumeration areas/resettlement localities from each stratum were selected systematically using probability proportional to size sampling technique; size being number of agricultural households. The sizes for EAs were obtained from the 1994 Population & Housing Census and adjusted for the sub-sampling effect. Sizes for resettlement localities on the other hand were obtained from the 2004 listings of resettlement localities. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey 20 agricultural households within each sample EA/resettlement locality were selected systematically.

Note: Distribution of sampling units (sampled and covered EAs and resettlement localities) by stratum is also presented in Appendix III of 2006-2007 Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume I report.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The 2006-2007 annual Agricultural Sample Survey used structured questionnaires to collect agricultural information from selected sample households.
List of forms in the questionnaires:
- AgSS Form 99/0: It contains forms that used to list all households in the sample areas.
- AgSS Form 99/1: It contains forms that used to list selected households in the sample areas.
- AgSS Form 99/2A: It contains forms that used to collect information about crops, results of area measurements covered by crops and other land uses.
- AgSS Form 99/2B: It contains forms that used to collect information about miscellaneous questions for the holders.
- AgSS Form 99/4: It contains forms that used to collect information about list of temporary crop fields for selecting crop cutting plots.
- AgSS Form 99/5: It contains forms that used to collect information about list of temporary crop cutting results.

Note: The questionnaires are presented in the Appendix III of the 2006-2007 Agricultural Sample Survey Volume I report.

Cleaning operations
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Editing, Coding and Verification:
Statistical data editing plays an important role in ensuring the quality of the collected survey data. It minimizes the effects of errors introduced while collecting data in the field, hence the need for data editing, coding and verification. Although coding and editing are done by the enumerators and supervisors in the field, respectively, verification of this task is done at the Head Office. An editing, coding and verification instruction manual was prepared and reproduced for this purpose. Then 43 editors-coders and verifiers were trained for two days in editing, coding and verification using the aforementioned manual as a reference and teaching aid. The completed questionnaires were edited, coded and later verified on a 100 % basis before the questionnaires were passed over to the data entry unit. The editing, coding and verification exercise of all questionnaires took 35 days.

Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
Before data entry, the Natural Resources and Agricultural Statistics Department of the CSA prepared edit specification for the survey for use on personal computers for data consistency checking purposes. The data on the edited and coded questionnaires were then entered into personal computers. The data were then checked and cleaned using the edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose. The data entry operation involved about 60 data encoders and it took 75 days to finish the job. Finally, summarization of the data was done on personal computers to produce statistical tables as per the tabulation plan.

Response rate
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To be covered by the survey, a total of 2,117 enumeration areas (EAs) and 250 resettlement localities were selected. However, due to various reasons that are beyond control, in 22 EAs and 2 resettlement localities the survey was disrupted. Thus, all in all the survey succeeded to cover 2,095 EAs and 248 resettlement localities (98.99%) throughout the regions. The Annual Agricultural Sample survey (“Meher” season) was conducted on the basis of 20 agricultural households selected from each EA/resettlement locality. Regarding the ultimate sampling units, it was intended to cover a total of 48,300 agricultural households, however, 46,702 (96.69%) were actually covered by the survey

Sampling error estimates
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Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, sampling error and the measurement of precision of estimates (CV) are given in Appendix I and II respectively of 2006-2007 Agricultural Sample Survey, Volume I report.

摘要
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农业的声望性能保证了粮食作物的供应。这一农业成就不仅标志着粮食安全所需的粮食作物充足获取，而且预示着经济的一个积极方面。就此而言，集体努力正致力于确保达到期望水平的农业产出，以实现粮食供应的自给自足，并在埃塞俄比亚以最短的时间内控制因灾害导致的粮食短缺。农业在国家政治、经济和社会稳定中所扮演的核心角色使得农业生产措施极为敏感。因此，收集于农业生产的统计数据因数据使用者对可靠性的质疑而充满疑问。为了有力地应对这些质疑并消除使用者的疑虑，必须按照数据收集的标准程序收集农业信息。遵循这一原则，自1980/81年起，国家统计局（CSA）一直在提供有关该国农业的统计信息，以警示政策干预者农业领域的变革。作为这一任务的一部分，2006-07年（1999 E.C）农业抽样调查（AgSS）进行了，以提供关于指定年份主（“梅赫尔”）季节私人农民持有作物面积和生产的详细数据。

国家统计局的农业抽样调查（AgSS）的一般目标是收集关于国家农业的基本定量信息，这对于规划、政策制定、监测和评估主要粮食安全和其它农业活动至关重要。

主（“梅赫尔”）季节收获后调查的具体目标包括：
- 估算埃塞俄比亚主（“梅赫尔”）季节农业的总作物面积、作物生产总量和作物产量。
- 估算使用的总投入量、投入应用面积以及使用投入的持有者数量。
- 估算总耕作面积和其他土地利用形式。

地理覆盖范围
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2006-2007年（1999 E.C）年度农业抽样调查（“梅赫尔”季节）覆盖了该国除甘贝拉地区以外的所有农村地区，以及阿法尔三个区和索马里六个区的非定居人口。

分析单元
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农业家庭/持有者/作物

总体
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农业家庭

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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抽样框架：
用于选择初级抽样单位（EA）的抽样框架包括来自2001-2002埃塞俄比亚农业抽样统计（EASE）的所有地区和相应农业家庭清单。然后，根据调查的设计，从该框架中选择了所有样本EA。另一方面，搬迁地是来自每个地区所有搬迁地清单的子样本。第二阶段抽样单位，即家庭，是在调查开始时为每个EA/搬迁地准备的最新家庭清单中选择的。

样本设计：
为了选择样本，实施了分层两阶段集群样本设计。将人口普查区（EA）/搬迁地视为初级抽样单位（PSU），而次级抽样单位（SSU）是农业家庭。2006-2007年农业样本调查的样本量是通过考虑每个领域内最重要的估计所需的精度水平和分配给调查的资源量而确定的。为了减少非抽样误差，也考虑了调查在质量和管理方面的可控性。除了哈拉里、亚的斯亚贝巴和迪雷德瓦以外，每个地区作为一个整体被视为估计领域；每个地区的区域/特别行政区的每个区都被采用为报告调查主要发现的层。此外，还提供了2006/07年作物耕作面积和甘贝拉地区预期生产量的数值。然而，重要的是要注意，这些数值并非来自调查，而是来自2003-2004年年度作物生产预测样本调查的结果的预测。

选择方案：
使用与大小成比例的概率抽样技术，从每个层的每个层中系统地选择了人口普查区/搬迁地；大小是农业家庭数量。EA的大小来自1994年人口与住房普查，并调整了子抽样效应。另一方面，搬迁地的大小来自2004年搬迁地清单。从调查开始时为每个EA/搬迁地准备的最新家庭清单中，系统地选择了每个样本EA/搬迁地内的20个农业家庭。

注：抽样单位（样本和覆盖的EA和搬迁地）的分布也呈现在2006-2007年农业抽样调查第一卷报告的附录III中。

抽样误差估计：
附录I和II分别给出了总计数、比率、抽样误差的估计程序以及估计精确度的测量（CV）。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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2006-2007年年度农业抽样调查使用结构化问卷从选定的样本家庭收集农业信息。
问卷中的表格清单：
- AgSS表格99/0：包含用于列出样本区域中所有家庭的表格。
- AgSS表格99/1：包含用于列出样本区域中选定家庭的表格。
- AgSS表格99/2A：包含用于收集有关作物、作物覆盖的面积测量结果和其他土地利用的表格。
- AgSS表格99/2B：包含用于收集有关持有者杂项问题的表格。
- AgSS表格99/4：包含用于收集有关选择作物切割地块的临时作物田列表的表格。
- AgSS表格99/5：包含用于收集有关临时作物切割结果列表的表格。

注：问卷呈现在2006-2007年农业抽样调查第一卷报告的附录III中。

清理操作
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编辑、编码和验证：
统计数据编辑在确保收集的问卷调查数据质量方面发挥着重要作用。它最小化了在实地收集数据时引入的误差的影响，因此需要进行数据编辑、编码和验证。尽管编码和编辑由实地调查员和督导员分别进行，但对此任务的验证是在总部进行的。为此目的，准备并复制了一份编辑、编码和验证手册。然后，对43名编辑-编码员和验证员进行了为期两天的培训，以使用上述手册作为参考和教学辅助工具进行编辑、编码和验证。在将问卷传递给数据录入单位之前，对完成的问卷进行了100%的编辑、编码和验证。所有问卷的编辑、编码和验证工作耗时35天。

数据录入、清理和制表：
在数据录入之前，国家统计局（CSA）自然资源和农业统计部门为调查准备了编辑规范，用于在个人计算机上进行数据一致性检查。然后将编辑和编码后的问卷数据输入到个人计算机中。使用之前为此目的准备的编辑规范对数据进行检查和清理。数据录入操作涉及约60名数据编码员，完成工作耗时75天。最后，在个人计算机上对数据进行汇总，以根据制表计划生成统计表格。

响应率
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为了使调查得到覆盖，总共选择了2,117个人口普查区（EA）和250个搬迁地。然而，由于各种不可控的原因，在22个EA和2个搬迁地中调查受到了干扰。因此，总的来说，调查成功覆盖了2,095个EA和248个搬迁地（98.99%），覆盖了各地区。年度农业样本调查（“梅赫尔”季节）是在每个EA/搬迁地从每个EA中选出的20个农业家庭的基础上进行的。关于最终抽样单位，原计划覆盖总共48,300个农业家庭，但实际上有46,702个（96.69%）被调查覆盖。

抽样误差估计：
附录I和II分别给出了总计数、比率、抽样误差的估计程序以及估计精确度的测量（CV）。