Phylogenomics and biogeography of Torreya (Taxaceae) – Integrating data from three organelle genomes, morphology, and fossils and a practical method for reducing missing data from RAD-seq

Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) enables obtaining thousands of genetic markers for phylogenomic studies. However, RAD-seq data are subject to allele dropout (ADO) due to polymorphisms at enzyme cutting sites. We developed a new pipeline, RADADOR, to mitigate the ADO in outgroups by recovering missing loci from previously published transcriptomes in our study of a gymnosperm genus Torreya. Using the supplemented RAD-seq data in combination with plastome and mitochondrial gene sequences, morphology, and fossil records, we reconstructed the phylogenetic and biogeographic histories of the genus and test hypotheses on diversity anomaly in eastern Asian-North American floristic disjunction. Our results showed that our pipeline recovered many loci missing from the outgroup, and the improved data yielded a more robust phylogeny for Torreya. Using the fossilized-birth-death model and divergence-extinction-cladogenesis method we resolved detailed biogeographic history of Torr...