Air temperature, precipitation and snow depth for 167 meteorological station across Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan Oblast, and Chukotka

This dataset provides quality-controlled surface meteorological observations for 167 stations across northeastern Russia, spanning the period from 1966-01-01 to 2025-09-30. The study area covers approximately 4.27 million km² encompassing the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Magadan Oblast, and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Data were compiled from three sources: the Roshydromet archive (meteo.ru) rp5.ru, and pogodaiklimat.ru. The dataset is organised into five temporal-resolution folders: day, decade (10-day periods), month, year, and hydro_year (hydrological year, October–September). Each folder contains one CSV file per station (167 files total), named by the station's WMO identifier. All files share a consistent time series spanning 1966-01-01 to 2025-09-30. A tab-separated metadata file (meteo_station_descrip.txt) accompanies the data and contains one row per station with the following fields: station name, WMO station identifier (station_wmo_id), geographic coordinates (lon, lat, decimal degrees WGS84), elevation (m a.s.l.), year of establishment, date of first observation, date of last observation, data availability from 1966 to the end of the record (da_1966, %), and data availability across the active observation period (da_work_period, %). Daily resolution files contain mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature (°C), precipitation sum (mm), maximum snow depth (cm), and two observational coverage indicators: diff_hours (the difference in hours between the first and last sub-daily observation on a given day) and measures (the count of sub-daily observations available on that day). The source dataset for all variables is identified in the dataset column; snow depth has a separate source indicator in dataset_snow. Aggregated files at decade, month, year, and hydrological year resolution include all of the above variables where applicable, together with three additional fields: measures_pct8 (the percentage of time steps within the aggregation period that have a full complement of 8 sub-daily observations), data_available (the percentage of days within the aggregation period for which a valid temperature observation exists), and expanded dataset and dataset_snow fields reporting the distribution of source datasets across all observations within the aggregation period. The R preprocessing pipeline (meteoru_preproc_pipeline.R) and its documentation (README.md) are included in the repository root. The pipeline requires the raw Roshydromet archive files in SROK-8C fixed-width format (.dat) placed in the raw/srok8c/ directory. Full instructions for configuring paths and reproducing the dataset are provided in the README.