PROMEQ: Health and Well-being of Immigrants 2017-2018

The survey charted immigrants' social participation, mental and physical well-being, use of social and health services, experiences of discrimination, and attitudes towards work. The data consist of two surveys aimed at immigrants, which were conducted in English: a baseline survey conducted at the beginning of the research (variable id q) and a follow-up survey conducted six months after the baseline survey (variable id b). The data were collected as part of the Inclusive Promotion of Health and Wellbeing (PROMEQ 2016-2019) research project, which studied population groups that need special support. The aim of the PROMEQ project was to develop and demonstrate novel models of promotion of health and wellbeing. Survey data from the other target groups of the project as well as combined data from all surveys are also available at FSD (FSD3432-FSD3436). The surveys included many scales and questions used in other studies. The scales and questions were translated into English for the surveys. Questions were selected, for instance, from the Finnish Youth Surveys, as well as the Regional Health and Well-being Study (ATH) and Welfare and Services in Finland (HYPA) surveys conducted by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). Most questions included in the baseline survey were repeated in the follow-up survey. First, the respondents' current situation in life and language skills were charted. The respondents were asked, for instance, when they had arrived in Finland, on what grounds they had been granted a residence permit, whether they could understand, read and speak Finnish, and how they had learned Finnish (e.g. by taking courses or from friends). Studies and work were examined next with questions focusing on, for example, whether the respondents were planning to apply for higher education in Finland, whether they thought they were fully able to work in Finland, and whether they were confident in their search for work. The main obstacles that the respondents thought might prevent them from working were also surveyed (e.g. limited language skills, lack of education, ethnic background). Views on employment were investigated with questions on, for example, whether the respondents thought doing paid work gives substance and meaning to life and whether women should stay at home and not work outside the home. The surveys also charted the respondents' income, loans and need for financial aid or food assistance. Next, the respondents' quality of life and satisfaction with various matters were examined. Questions included, for instance, how much the respondents enjoyed life, how safe they felt in their everyday life, whether they had enough energy, and how satisfied they were with their sleep, capacity to work, personal relationships, and access to health services. The respondents' social relationships were surveyed. The respondents were asked whether they often felt lonely and whether they were often in contact with other people, for example relatives or other immigrants living in Finland. Questions also focused on the respondents' sociability and feelings of belonging (e.g. whether they felt they were a part of a friend group, had much in common with people around them, and could find company when they wanted to, or whether they felt left out and isolated). The respondents' participation in group activities was charted, and trust in other people and various Finnish institutions, such as public health care, the judicial system, and municipal decision-making, was examined. The respondents' opinions on their own opportunities in life were also surveyed (e.g. whether they thought they had good or bad opportunities to strive for happiness in their life and to act according to their conscience). Experiences of unfair treatment and being discriminated against were surveyed next. The respondents were asked what they thought were the main factors (e.g. immigrant background, skin colour, age) behind the lack of respect, verbal insults, threats or harrassment they had received, as well as where they had experienced unfair treatment or discrimination (e.g. police station, KELA, a shop). Different traumatic experiences, such as combat experience, natural disasters, physical violence, and torture, were also investigated, and the respondents were asked whether the past traumatic events had effects on their life at present (e.g. in the form of disturbing dreams or feelings of shock). Finally, the respondents' use of social and health services was surveyed. The respondents were asked whether they had visited a doctor or other health or social services professional or received employment or translation services or juridical advice in the past 12 months (6 months in the follow-up survey). Additionally, the respondents were asked whether they had bought medication or been in contact with a social or health care employee in the past 12 months. Questions also focused on the respondents' satisfaction with the availability of various social and public services (e.g. library, indoor exercise and youth services), and their participation in group activities promoting health and well-being (e.g. weight management groups, AA, NA). The respondents' lifestyle was examined with questions on their exercise, eating and drinking habits. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, year of birth, marital status, highest level of education, household composition, and economic activity and occupational status. Additionally, the background information included whether the respondent belonged to the test (intervention) or control group.

本调查描绘了移民的社会参与度、心理健康与生理福祉、社会与健康服务的使用情况、遭受歧视的经历以及对工作的态度。数据包括针对移民的两次调查，均以英语进行：一次为研究初期进行的基线调查（变量ID q）和六个月后的后续调查（变量ID b）。数据收集作为包容性推广健康与福祉（PROMEQ 2016-2019）研究项目的一部分，该项目旨在研究需要特殊支持的人口群体。PROMEQ项目的目标是开发并展示促进健康与福祉的新模式。项目其他目标群体及所有调查的合并数据亦可在FSD（FSD3432-FSD3436）获取。调查中包含了许多在其他研究中使用的量表和问题，这些量表和问题被翻译成英语。例如，问题选取自芬兰青年调查、区域健康与福祉研究（ATH）以及芬兰卫生福利研究所（THL）进行的福利与服务在芬兰（HYPA）调查。基线调查中的多数问题在后续调查中也得到了重复。首先，调查了受访者的生活现状和语言技能。受访者被问及何时抵达芬兰、基于何种理由获得居留许可、是否能够理解、阅读和说芬兰语，以及他们是如何学习芬兰语的（例如通过课程学习或从朋友那里学习）。接下来，通过聚焦于受访者是否计划在芬兰申请高等教育、是否认为自己完全有能力在芬兰工作，以及是否对寻找工作充满信心等问题，对学习和工作进行了考察。受访者认为可能阻止他们工作的主要障碍也被调查（例如语言技能有限、缺乏教育、种族背景）。通过关于受访者是否认为从事有偿工作能为生活带来实质性和意义，以及女性是否应该留在家里而不外出工作等问题，调查了他们对就业的看法。调查还描绘了受访者的收入、贷款以及寻求经济援助或食物援助的需求。随后，调查了受访者的生活质量以及对各方面事项的满意度。例如，调查了受访者享受生活程度、他们在日常生活中感到多安全、他们是否有足够的精力，以及他们对睡眠、工作能力、人际关系和健康服务的满意度。调查了受访者的社会关系，受访者被问及他们是否经常感到孤独，以及他们是否经常与其他人保持联系，例如亲戚或其他在芬兰生活的移民。问题还聚焦于受访者的社交能力和归属感（例如，他们是否觉得自己是朋友群体的一部分，与周围的人有很多共同之处，或在他们需要的时候能够找到同伴，或者他们是否感到被孤立）。调查了受访者参与集体活动的程度，并考察了他们对其他人以及芬兰的各个机构（如公共卫生保健、司法系统、市政决策）的信任度。调查了受访者对自己生活机会的看法（例如，他们是否认为自己在追求幸福和按照自己的良心行事方面有良好或糟糕的机会）。接下来，调查了受访者遭受不公平待遇和歧视的经历。受访者被问及他们认为导致他们遭受不尊重、言语侮辱、威胁或骚扰的主要因素（例如移民背景、肤色、年龄），以及他们在何处经历了不公正的待遇或歧视（例如警察局、KELA、商店）。还调查了不同的创伤经历，如战斗经验、自然灾害、身体暴力和酷刑，并询问受访者过去创伤事件是否对其目前的生活产生影响（例如以噩梦或震惊感的形式）。最后，调查了受访者使用社会和健康服务的情况。受访者被问及在过去12个月内（后续调查为6个月内）是否曾访问过医生或其他健康或社会服务专业人员，或接受过就业或翻译服务，或获得过法律咨询。此外，受访者还被问及在过去12个月内是否购买过药物或与社交或健康保健员工有过联系。问题还聚焦于受访者对各种社会和公共服务的可用性的满意度（例如图书馆、室内锻炼和青年服务），以及他们参与促进健康与福祉的集体活动的程度。通过关于他们的锻炼、饮食习惯等问题，调查了受访者的生活方式。背景变量包括受访者的性别、出生年份、婚姻状况、最高教育水平、家庭构成以及经济活动和职业状态。此外，背景信息还包括受访者是否属于测试（干预）组或对照组。