Predicted no-effect concentration of Roundup in the composition with pharmaceutical chlorpromazine or heating causes similar biochemical disturbances in bivalve mollusk Unio tumidus

Despite the importance of zinc (Zn) in the suppressing of inflammation,
the Zn functionality in the knee joint under the gonarthritis (GA) is not
elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of Zn-
buffering and stress responsive proteins metallothioneins (MTs) in the
pathogenesis of the synovial tissues under the experimental acute GA. The
inflammation was induced in rats by intra-articular administration of
carrageenan. The concentrations of MTs total protein (MTSH), Zn-bound
protein (Zn-MTs), total Zn concentration in the tissue, the indexes of oxidative
stress and cholinesterase activity were determined. The level of sialic acids was
indicated in the blood serum. The enhancing of sialic acids concentration by
42% and cholinesterase depletion confirmed the inflammation. In the animals
with GA, total level of Zn in the tissue was correspondent to control. However,
the MTSH and Zn-MT levels were elevated (by 79 and 46% respectively). This
disproportionate rate can be due to partial oxidation of thiols. The superoxide
dismutase activity was elevated, radical scavenging activity and protein
carbonylation were correspondent to control, but the levels of catalase,

glutathione–S-transferase and glutathione were decreased by 28-44%, and lipid
peroxidation (TBARS) was increased by 59% compared to control group.
Principal Component Analysis confirmed the strong interrelations between MTs
and oxidative stress indexes. This preliminary study provides the basis for the
understanding of the reason for Zn imbalance in the acute GA as the result of
the impairment of thiol redox balance and proposes these biomarkers for the
evaluation of knee joint pathologies.