<p>Model performance on the independent validation set based on different risk score thresholds. Model performance was assessed on the independent validation set based on different risk score cutoffs derived from the testing set to meet predefined criteria for sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV. Low risk score thresholds categorize the population into low-risk and non-low-risk groups, without establishing a high-risk group. Similarly, high risk score thresholds categorize the population into high-risk and non-high-risk groups, without establishing a low-risk group. Data are median (95% CI). NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.</p>

Model performance on the independent validation set based on different risk score thresholds. Model performance was assessed on the independent validation set based on different risk score cutoffs derived from the testing set to meet predefined criteria for sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV. Low risk score thresholds categorize the population into low-risk and non-low-risk groups, without establishing a high-risk group. Similarly, high risk score thresholds categorize the population into high-risk and non-high-risk groups, without establishing a low-risk group. Data are median (95% CI). NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.