Multivariate associations between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome.¹

1Metabolic syndrome defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s criteria [31]. Model 1: unadjusted odds ratio. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, smoking habits, highest education level, total annual family income, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and menopausal status. Model 3: adjusted for daily caloric intake and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in addition to age, sex, smoking habits, highest education level, total annual family income, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and menopausal status. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.