U.S. Water Systems Serving Spanish-LEP Communities & CCR Translation Status

1,432 U.S. public water systems whose service area meets California's published threshold for non-English-language CCR provisions (a language group exceeding 1,000 residents OR 10% of the community), applied to Spanish-LEP (Census ACS C16001: Spanish speakers who speak English less than "very well") as a national benchmark. Each record carries observed CCR Spanish-translation status from the collected CCR PDF. CORRECTION of v2026-05: the prior "federally required to publish Spanish CCRs" framing had no regulatory basis (40 CFR §141.153(h)(3) is qualitative; a courtesy notice satisfies it; no federal numeric threshold) and was derived from the near-universal EPA Spanish courtesy line. Total population served 54,399,429. Of 675 systems whose CCR PDF we assessed, 25 (3.7%) publish a full Spanish translation in the PDF itself; the rest carry only a courtesy notice (note: some translate via separate documents/portals not captured — absence != zero). License CC-BY-4.0.