<b>National-scale 1KM maps of hospital travel time and hospital accessibility in China</b>

Enhancing equitable access to health services is a key objective of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. A comprehensive understanding of a nation's hospital accessibility is crucial for ensuring public welfare and social equity. Existing datasets define hospital accessibility using travel time to hospitals, without considering the supply and demand dynamics in hospital allocations and actual availability of medical resources for each individual. To overcome this limitation, we developed and validated a national-scale 1 KM map of both hospital travel time and hospital accessibility in China. We used Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (Ga2SFCA) model to calculate accessibility, incorporating hospital capacity and service population. Various file types and statistical indicators are provided, making the dataset highly accessible for non-specialists. The dataset fills the gap in publicly available nationwide hospital accessibility data for China and can serve as a critical tool in optimizing resource allocation and developing targeted strategies to improve healthcare equity.提升卫生服务公平可及性是联合国2030年可持续发展目标的核心目标之一。全面了解一国的医院可及性状况，对于保障公共福祉与实现社会公平至关重要。现有数据集多以抵达医院的出行时长来定义医院可及性，未考虑医院资源配置的供需动态变化，以及个体实际可获取的医疗资源情况。为克服这一局限，本研究构建并验证了中国国家级尺度的1公里分辨率医院出行时长与医院可及性地图。本研究采用高斯两步移动搜索法（Gaussian two-step floating catchment area，Ga2SFCA）计算可及性，纳入了医院承载能力与服务人口两大核心要素。本数据集提供了多种文件格式与统计指标，即便非专业人士也可便捷使用。本数据集填补了中国公开可得的国家级医院可及性数据空白，可作为优化医疗资源配置、制定提升医疗公平性针对性策略的关键工具。