Macrophages treated with small extracellular vesicles derived from M2 macrophages

Recent studies targeting macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles have confirmed their potential biological functions. M2 type macrophages can secrete anti-inflammatory factors, and exosomes derived from M2 macrophages also have anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not clear whether they are effective against synovial inflammation in OA, and whether they can effectively control OA pain and progression is also unclear. In this study, we plan to investigate the therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles derived from M2 macrophages in OA synovial inflammation, evaluate their effect on controlling OA pain and progression, and assess the regulation of macrophage polarization by these extracellular vesicles in vitro.