Parameters and levels of the process.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a lubricant derived from trimethylolpropane trioleate on power consumption and surface roughness during high-speed drilling of Al-6061, with the goal of developing an environmentally friendly cutting fluid. The study investigated the impact of additive concentration, spindle speed, and feed rate on energy consumption and surface roughness using a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. Through analysis of the Taguchi experimental outcomes and single-to-noise ratios, the parameters were ranked accordingly. The results of the ANOVA analysis reveal that spindle speed has the greatest impact on Power (87.89%), followed by followed feed rate (6.96%) and additive concentration (2.98%). However, feed rate (43.51%) has the most significant influence on surface roughness, followed by speed (38.48%) and additive concentration (11.90%). Varying additive concentration affects more on surface quality rather than power consumption. Furthermore, a machine learning algorithm was developed to forecast and compare various key aspects of high-speed drilling machinability, including power and surface roughness. Three different measures of accuracy were used to evaluate the performance of the projected values: coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute percentage error, and mean square error. The decision tree performed better than other models in accurately predicting power and surface roughness. This research introduces an innovative method for assessing the most effective biodegradable cutting fluid and forecasting power and surface quality by developing an optimal combination.