A High-Resolution (500m) Daily Near-Surface Air Temperature Dataset for the Pan-Yangtze River Delta Region in 2017

This dataset provides daily near-surface 2-m air temperature data at a spatial resolution of 500 m for the Pan-Yangtze River Delta (PYRD) region from January 1 to December 31, 2017. It was generated using the Physically Guided Causal Spatial Feature Transform Network (PGC-SFTNet), which integrates multi-source remote sensing products, reanalysis data, and in situ observations. By organizing environmental covariates through a PCMCI-derived causal topology and applying spatial feature transformation with station-based residual correction, the dataset improves spatial realism and reduces terrain-related prediction errors over heterogeneous surfaces. This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant No. 2023YFF0807000), Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42461144214; 42471349), Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. JCYJ20240813114013017), Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation (Grant No. 2024A1515030078), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2025AFD428), and Open Fund of National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China (Grant No. NERCGIS-202402).